Define "lean manufacturing."

Lean manufacturing is defined as a production practice that focuses on minimizing waste while maximizing productivity. This methodology is centered around creating more value for customers with fewer resources by streamlining processes, reducing inefficiencies, and eliminating activities that do not add value.

At its core, lean manufacturing seeks to enhance quality and efficiency in production systems, ensuring that every step in the manufacturing process contributes positively towards the end product. By identifying and removing waste—whether that be time, materials, or labor—companies can improve their operational efficiency, thereby increasing profitability and customer satisfaction. The emphasis on waste reduction is central to lean principles, making this definition align perfectly with the core tenets of lean manufacturing.

The other options do not encapsulate the essence of lean manufacturing. Vertical integration, increasing workforce hours, or solely enhancing machine efficiency do not inherently involve the comprehensive approach to waste minimization and value creation that defines lean practices.